Half a Cow: Meat Cost & Buying Guide


Half a Cow: Meat Cost & Buying Guide

Buying a facet of beef, roughly half of a processed animal, represents a major funding in meals. The precise weight varies relying on the dimensions of the animal and processing methods, however sometimes ranges from 200 to 250 kilos. This interprets to roughly 80-100 kilos of usable cuts like steaks, roasts, floor beef, and different numerous cuts after butchering and trimming. Components influencing ultimate weight embrace the animal’s breed, age, and feeding practices.

Shopping for in bulk affords potential financial benefits by lowering per-pound prices in comparison with retail grocery purchases. It additionally offers management over the processing and packaging of the meat, interesting to shoppers prioritizing particular cuts or storage strategies. Traditionally, buying giant portions of meat was a sensible necessity for households, particularly in rural areas, guaranteeing a sustained provide of protein all year long. As we speak, this apply persists, pushed by elements starting from financial concerns to needs for particular meat high quality and supporting native farmers.

The next sections will additional discover elements influencing worth, completely different cuts obtained from a facet of beef, storage suggestions, and suggestions for locating respected native producers. Understanding these facets will equip shoppers to make knowledgeable selections aligned with their budgetary and dietary wants.

1. Weight

The burden vary of 200-250 kilos represents the approximate dressed weight of half a beef carcass. “Dressed weight” refers back to the weight after the preliminary slaughter and removing of inner organs, cover, and head. This determine serves as a place to begin for calculating the eventual yield of usable meat. You will need to be aware that this isn’t the ultimate weight shoppers obtain in individually packaged cuts. Vital reductions happen throughout butchering as a result of bone removing, trimming of extra fats, and processing into particular cuts.

Contemplate a 225-pound half carcass. After processing, the yield of retail cuts may be round 160 kilos, with roughly 65 kilos misplaced to bone and trim. This yield share can fluctuate based mostly on the animal’s breed, fats content material, and the butcher’s particular chopping practices. A leaner animal might yield a barely greater share of usable meat, whereas a closely fattened animal might need a decrease yield. Understanding this distinction between dressed weight and ultimate retail weight is essential for managing expectations and precisely estimating prices per pound of consumable meat.

Precisely estimating ultimate yield based mostly on preliminary carcass weight permits for knowledgeable buying selections and environment friendly storage planning. Whereas the 200-250 pound vary offers an inexpensive benchmark, variations exist. Shoppers ought to seek the advice of with their butcher or meat processor for a extra exact estimate based mostly on the particular animal and desired cuts. This understanding ensures lifelike expectations concerning ultimate product quantity and facilitates acceptable freezer house allocation.

2. Usable meat

The 80-100 pound vary signifies the ultimate yield of consumable meat derived from a facet of beef, representing a good portion of the preliminary 200-250 pound half carcass. This distinction between dressed weight and usable meat weight is essential for understanding the true value and worth. Numerous elements affect this ultimate yield, together with the butchering course of, chosen cuts, and the animal’s fats composition. Bone, fats trim, and processing losses account for the load distinction. For instance, a 220-pound half may yield 85 kilos of floor beef, steaks, roasts, and different cuts, with the remaining weight attributed to bone and trim discarded throughout processing. This underscores the significance of understanding “usable meat” as a element of the general weight.

Sensible implications of this understanding prolong to freezer house necessities and meal planning. A household anticipating 80-100 kilos of beef wants ample freezer storage. Additional, understanding the breakdown of cuts inside this usable weightfor occasion, the proportion allotted to floor beef versus steaksallows for knowledgeable meal planning and budgeting. Recognizing this distinction empowers shoppers to precisely estimate the price per pound of usable meat, facilitating comparisons with retail costs and knowledgeable buying selections. This data is important for maximizing worth and minimizing potential meals waste.

Finally, the “usable meat” determine offers a practical evaluation of the consumable product derived from buying half a cow. This consciousness equips shoppers to make knowledgeable selections aligned with budgetary constraints, storage capability, and consumption patterns. By understanding this important distinction, shoppers can leverage the potential value financial savings and high quality management related to shopping for in bulk, whereas successfully managing the logistical concerns of storing and using a considerable amount of meat.

3. Value

The price of buying half a cow, whereas doubtlessly providing long-term financial savings, presents a fancy calculation as a result of variable per-pound pricing construction. Understanding the elements influencing these fluctuations is essential for knowledgeable budgeting and comparability with commonplace retail purchases. A number of key elements contribute to the ultimate worth, making a easy per-pound common inadequate for correct value projection.

  • Hanging Weight vs. Retail Cuts

    Pricing is commonly based mostly on the hanging weightthe carcass weight after preliminary processing. Nevertheless, the precise usable meat obtained will probably be considerably much less as a result of bone, fats trim, and processing losses. This necessitates calculating the efficient value per pound of usable meat, contemplating the anticipated yield share, to precisely examine with retail costs. A decrease hanging weight worth does not essentially translate to a decrease ultimate value if the yield is low.

  • Processing Charges

    Butchering, chopping, wrapping, and freezing companies contribute considerably to the ultimate value. These charges can fluctuate based mostly on the complexity of cuts requested, packaging preferences (vacuum sealing versus commonplace wrapping), and the butcher’s pricing construction. Understanding these charges upfront permits for correct value evaluation. Some butchers cost a flat payment per head, whereas others cost by hanging weight or by the reduce. Shoppers ought to make clear these prices to keep away from surprising bills.

  • Breed and Feed High quality

    The breed of the animal and its feeding routine can affect each the hanging weight worth and the ultimate yield of usable meat. Sure breeds are identified for greater fats content material or quicker progress charges, impacting the ultimate value. Equally, higher-quality feed may end up in a premium worth, mirrored in the price per pound. Shoppers in search of particular qualities, resembling grass-fed beef, ought to anticipate a possible worth premium.

  • Market Fluctuations

    Like every commodity, beef costs are topic to market fluctuations based mostly on provide and demand. Seasonal differences, feed prices, and general market developments can impression the bottom worth per pound, making it important to acquire present pricing from native producers. These fluctuations can create alternatives for savvy patrons but in addition require consciousness of present market circumstances to evaluate the equity of quoted costs.

Contemplating these variable elements clarifies the price implications related to shopping for half a cow. A complete value evaluation necessitates greater than merely multiplying the hanging weight by a per-pound worth. Factoring in processing charges, yield percentages, and present market circumstances offers a practical understanding of the particular funding and permits for significant comparisons with retail purchases. This knowledgeable method ensures that buying half a cow aligns with budgetary expectations and delivers the anticipated worth.

4. Breed influences yield

Breed considerably influences the ultimate yield of usable meat from a facet of beef, immediately impacting the general worth proposition when buying half a cow. Totally different breeds exhibit various progress charges, muscle-to-fat ratios, and skeletal constructions, resulting in substantial variations within the quantity of consumable meat obtained after processing. For example, Angus cattle, identified for his or her marbling and intramuscular fats, may yield a barely decrease share of usable meat in comparison with leaner breeds like Hereford or Charolais. This distinction arises as a result of a larger portion of the carcass weight is attributed to fats, lowering the ultimate weight of trimmed retail cuts. Conversely, leaner breeds supply a better share of usable meat however could also be perceived as much less flavorful as a result of diminished marbling. Understanding these breed-specific traits is important for precisely estimating the ultimate value per pound of consumable meat and aligning buying selections with desired meat qualities.

The sensible implications of breed choice prolong past easy yield percentages. A shopper prioritizing lean floor beef may go for a breed identified for a better lean-to-fat ratio, maximizing the return on funding. Alternatively, a shopper valuing marbling and taste may select a breed famend for its intramuscular fats, accepting a doubtlessly decrease yield for elevated palatability. Moreover, breed choice can not directly affect processing prices. Animals with thicker hides or bigger bone constructions might require extra in depth processing, doubtlessly rising butchering charges. Subsequently, a complete evaluation considers not solely the preliminary value per pound of hanging weight but in addition the anticipated yield and potential processing variations based mostly on breed traits. This nuanced understanding ensures that the chosen breed aligns with each budgetary and culinary preferences.

In conclusion, breed choice represents a crucial consider figuring out the true worth of buying half a cow. By contemplating breed-specific traits associated to muscle growth, fats composition, and skeletal construction, shoppers could make knowledgeable selections maximizing yield and aligning with desired meat traits. This proactive method ensures that the funding in a facet of beef delivers the optimum steadiness of amount and high quality, finally contributing to a extra satisfying and cost-effective consequence.

5. Processing impacts value

Processing considerably influences the ultimate value when buying half a cow. Whereas the preliminary worth per pound of hanging weight represents a considerable portion of the expense, numerous processing procedures contribute to the general expenditure. These procedures, starting from fundamental butchering to specialised cuts and packaging, immediately impression the ultimate value per pound of consumable meat. For instance, commonplace cuts like steaks and roasts sometimes incur decrease processing charges in comparison with extra labor-intensive choices like customized sausage making or deboning particular cuts. Equally, vacuum sealing, whereas providing enhanced preservation and freezer storage effectivity, provides to the processing value in comparison with typical butcher paper wrapping. Understanding these processing variations and their related prices permits for knowledgeable decision-making and correct finances projections.

The impression of processing extends past merely including to the general expense. The selection of processing strategies influences the kind and amount of usable meat obtained. Choosing bone-in cuts, whereas doubtlessly lowering processing charges, decreases the quantity of consumable meat per pound bought. Conversely, requesting boneless cuts maximizes usable meat however will increase processing prices. Moreover, specialised processing methods, resembling dry-aging, considerably impression each value and taste profile. Dry-aging, whereas enhancing tenderness and taste growth, requires specialised gear and managed environments, including to the general expense. Subsequently, shoppers should fastidiously think about the trade-offs between processing prices, usable meat yield, and desired product traits.

In conclusion, processing represents a vital issue influencing the ultimate value of buying half a cow. The chosen processing strategies immediately impression not solely the general expense but in addition the kind and amount of usable meat obtained. An intensive understanding of those processing procedures and their related prices empowers shoppers to make knowledgeable selections aligning with budgetary constraints and desired product outcomes. By fastidiously evaluating processing choices, shoppers can optimize their funding in a facet of beef, maximizing worth and guaranteeing a satisfying culinary expertise.

6. Space for storing required

Enough space for storing represents a vital logistical consideration when buying half a cow. The substantial quantity of meat necessitates cautious planning and acceptable freezer capability to make sure correct preservation and reduce waste. Understanding the storage necessities related to such a big amount of beef is important for profitable long-term storage and environment friendly utilization.

  • Freezer Capability

    A normal chest freezer or a mixture of upright and chest freezers typically offers the mandatory capability for a facet of beef. A chest freezer sometimes affords larger quantity effectivity. Nevertheless, accessibility could be a problem with gadgets saved under others. Upright freezers present simpler entry however might supply much less general storage quantity for a similar bodily footprint. The precise freezer configuration required depends upon current storage options and the anticipated breakdown of cuts, with bigger roasts requiring more room than individually packaged steaks or floor beef.

  • Packaging and Group

    Environment friendly packaging and group maximize freezer house utilization and facilitate simple retrieval of particular cuts. Vacuum-sealed packaging minimizes freezer burn and optimizes house effectivity in comparison with bulkier wrapping strategies. Clearly labeling every bundle with the reduce, weight, and date ensures environment friendly stock administration and reduces the necessity to thaw and refreeze gadgets to determine contents. Organizing the freezer by reduce kind permits for fast entry to desired gadgets with out in depth looking, minimizing temperature fluctuations inside the freezer.

  • Stock Administration

    Sustaining a list of saved meat facilitates meal planning and prevents meals waste. A easy spreadsheet or a devoted freezer stock app can observe saved gadgets, their portions, and buy dates. This organized method ensures that older cuts are used earlier than newer ones, minimizing the chance of freezer burn and maximizing the worth of the funding. Usually reviewing the stock additionally informs future buying selections, permitting for changes based mostly on consumption patterns and remaining inventory.

  • Thawing and Preparation

    Planning thawing procedures prematurely streamlines meal preparation and ensures meals security. Bigger cuts, resembling roasts, require important thawing time, typically necessitating a number of days within the fridge. Smaller cuts could be thawed extra rapidly, however correct thawing procedures, resembling utilizing the fridge or a chilly water tub, stay important for meals security. Understanding these thawing necessities and integrating them into meal planning prevents delays and ensures that meals could be ready effectively and safely.

Addressing these storage concerns ensures that the funding in half a cow offers most worth and minimizes potential challenges. Enough freezer house, environment friendly group, and proactive stock administration contribute to profitable long-term storage, environment friendly meal planning, and diminished meals waste, finally maximizing the advantages of buying a considerable amount of beef.

7. Butchering choices

Butchering choices immediately affect each the price and the last word worth derived from buying half a cow. Deciding on particular cuts and processing kinds impacts not solely the ultimate worth but in addition the kind and amount of usable meat obtained. Totally different butchering approaches yield various proportions of steaks, roasts, floor beef, and different cuts. This customization permits shoppers to prioritize most popular cuts and reduce much less fascinating ones, maximizing the worth aligned with particular person consumption patterns. For instance, a household prioritizing floor beef for on a regular basis meals may request a better share of the carcass be floor, whereas a steak fanatic may prioritize premium cuts like ribeye and tenderloin. This tailor-made method ensures that the ultimate product combine aligns with particular dietary preferences and culinary wants. Additional, the selection between bone-in and boneless cuts considerably impacts usable meat yield and storage necessities. Boneless cuts maximize freezer house effectivity and supply readily usable parts however typically incur greater processing charges. Conversely, bone-in cuts cut back processing prices however require extra space for storing and extra preparation time.

The collection of butchering choices additionally presents a possibility to discover much less frequent cuts and increase culinary horizons. A educated butcher can information shoppers towards cuts like flank steak, skirt steak, or beef quick ribs, providing flavorful and cost-effective options to extra well-liked selections. This personalised method transforms the acquisition of half a cow into a possibility for culinary exploration and discovery. Furthermore, collaborating with the butcher permits for particular directions concerning trim ranges and fats content material. Shoppers in search of leaner floor beef can request a decrease fats share, whereas these prioritizing taste may go for a better fats content material. This stage of management ensures the ultimate product aligns exactly with particular person preferences. Moreover, discussing processing strategies like dry-aging or customized sausage making permits shoppers to include distinctive taste profiles and preservation methods tailor-made to particular tastes.

In conclusion, cautious consideration of butchering choices optimizes the worth and utility of buying half a cow. Collaborating with a talented butcher and understanding the implications of varied cuts and processing methods empowers shoppers to tailor the ultimate product to particular wants and preferences. This personalised method maximizes the worth of the funding by guaranteeing the obtained meat aligns with dietary preferences, culinary targets, and storage capabilities. By actively partaking within the butchering course of, shoppers rework a bulk buy right into a custom-made culinary expertise.

8. Potential value financial savings

Potential value financial savings signify a major motivator for shoppers contemplating buying half a cow. Whereas the preliminary funding seems substantial, the potential for diminished per-pound prices in comparison with retail grocery retailer costs warrants cautious consideration. Nevertheless, realizing these financial savings requires a complete understanding of a number of elements influencing the ultimate value per pound of usable meat. Analyzing these elements clarifies the potential financial benefits and permits for knowledgeable comparisons with typical retail buying.

  • Bulk Buying Reductions

    The inherent precept of bulk buying drives potential value financial savings. Shopping for in bigger portions typically unlocks wholesale pricing not accessible to particular person retail shoppers. This worth discount stems from economies of scale inside the provide chain, benefiting each the producer and the patron. Nevertheless, realizing these financial savings depends upon effectively using the bought meat. Spoilage or freezer burn negates any preliminary value benefits. Correct storage and stock administration turn into important for maximizing the financial advantages of bulk buying.

  • Diminished Retail Markup

    Buying immediately from a farmer or a neighborhood butcher typically bypasses the retail markup inherent in grocery retailer pricing. This markup covers numerous retail overhead prices, resembling retailer upkeep, staffing, and advertising and marketing. By circumventing these middleman steps, shoppers doubtlessly entry decrease costs immediately reflecting the manufacturing value and a smaller revenue margin for the producer. Nevertheless, this direct buying methodology typically necessitates transportation and storage concerns not sometimes encountered with retail procuring. These logistical elements have to be included into the general value evaluation.

  • Management over Cuts and Processing

    Buying half a cow offers management over cuts and processing, influencing ultimate prices. Choosing much less labor-intensive processing strategies, resembling commonplace cuts and fundamental packaging, can cut back processing charges. Moreover, prioritizing particular cuts based mostly on particular person preferences minimizes waste by guaranteeing the obtained meat aligns with consumption patterns. This personalised method avoids paying for undesirable cuts generally included in commonplace retail packages, finally lowering the efficient value per pound of desired meat.

  • Lengthy-Time period Meals Safety and Diminished Value Volatility

    Whereas not a direct value saving, buying a big amount of beef offers a level of insulation towards future worth fluctuations. This long-term perspective affords stability in meals prices, notably related in occasions of financial uncertainty or rising meals costs. By securing a hard and fast worth for a considerable amount of meat, shoppers mitigate the impression of potential future worth will increase. Nevertheless, this profit requires ample storage capability and planning to make sure the saved meat stays usable all through the anticipated consumption interval. Spoilage or freezer burn negates this long-term value benefit.

Realizing potential value financial savings when buying half a cow necessitates cautious planning, environment friendly utilization, and an understanding of the elements influencing the ultimate value per pound of usable meat. Whereas bulk buying reductions and diminished retail markups supply important potential financial savings, maximizing these advantages requires proactive administration of storage, processing, and consumption. A complete value evaluation, contemplating these elements alongside potential logistical challenges, ensures that this buying methodology aligns with particular person budgetary targets and consumption patterns.

9. Helps native farmers

Buying a facet of beef immediately from a neighborhood farmer kinds a direct connection between shopper and producer, providing mutual advantages. This direct-to-consumer method circumvents large-scale industrial agriculture, fostering financial resilience inside native communities. For farmers, this mannequin offers predictable earnings streams and reduces reliance on fluctuating commodity markets. Shoppers acquire entry to regionally raised meat, typically with larger transparency concerning animal husbandry and feeding practices. This transparency builds belief and strengthens group meals methods. For instance, a shopper buying half a cow from a neighboring farm positive aspects perception into the animal’s lifecycle, from delivery to butchering, unavailable in typical retail settings. This connection fosters a deeper appreciation for the origins of meals and strengthens the native agricultural financial system.

The financial impression extends past the person transaction. Supporting native farmers strengthens the general financial well being of rural communities. These purchases contribute on to native economies, supporting farm households and associated companies like butcher outlets and processing amenities. This localized financial exercise generates a ripple impact, creating jobs and fostering group vitality. Moreover, direct buying reduces transportation prices and emissions related to large-scale distribution networks inherent in industrial meals methods. This localized mannequin promotes environmental sustainability by minimizing transportation distances and supporting smaller-scale, typically extra environmentally acutely aware farming practices. For example, buying regionally reduces reliance on long-haul trucking, reducing gasoline consumption and greenhouse fuel emissions.

In abstract, buying a facet of beef immediately from native farmers represents a multifaceted method to supporting sustainable agriculture and strengthening native economies. This apply affords shoppers entry to transparently sourced meat whereas offering farmers with predictable earnings and diminished reliance on unstable commodity markets. The diminished environmental impression of localized meals methods additional enhances the advantages, selling each financial and ecological resilience inside rural communities. This connection between shopper alternative and native agricultural viability underscores the numerous position particular person buying selections play in shaping the way forward for meals methods.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the acquisition of half a cow, offering readability on key concerns.

Query 1: What’s the typical value vary for half a cow?

Prices fluctuate considerably based mostly on elements resembling breed, market circumstances, and processing charges. Typically, shoppers ought to count on to speculate between $1,500 and $3,000 for half a cow, together with processing. Acquiring particular quotes from native producers is really useful.

Query 2: How a lot freezer house is required?

Roughly 8-10 cubic toes of freezer house accommodates the 80-100 kilos of usable meat derived from half a cow. Environment friendly packaging and group optimize house utilization.

Query 3: How lengthy can the meat be saved in a freezer?

Correctly packaged and saved beef maintains high quality in a freezer for 6-12 months. Vacuum sealing extends shelf life and minimizes freezer burn.

Query 4: What cuts of beef are sometimes included in half a cow?

Commonplace cuts embrace steaks (ribeye, sirloin, tenderloin, and so forth.), roasts (chuck, rump, sirloin tip, and so forth.), floor beef, and different cuts like stew meat, quick ribs, and brisket. Customized butchering permits shoppers to specify desired cuts.

Query 5: How does one find a good native beef producer?

Native farmers’ markets, on-line directories, and agricultural extension workplaces supply assets for finding respected producers. Inquiring with native butchers additionally offers priceless leads.

Query 6: Is buying half a cow worthwhile for smaller households?

Whereas appropriate for bigger households, smaller households may profit if ample freezer house and consumption planning exist. Sharing a purchase order with one other household or contemplating a smaller quarter-cow choice offers options.

Cautious consideration of those continuously requested questions equips potential patrons with important info, enabling knowledgeable selections and maximizing the advantages of buying half a cow.

Additional sections will delve into particular matters associated to meat preparation, recipe concepts, and dietary info.

Suggestions for Buying and Using a Aspect of Beef

Navigating the method of buying and using a facet of beef requires cautious planning and consideration. The next suggestions present sensible steering for maximizing worth and minimizing potential challenges.

Tip 1: Plan Storage Logistics in Advance

Assess accessible freezer house and think about investing in further storage if obligatory. Correct storage is essential for preserving meat high quality and minimizing waste. Environment friendly group inside the freezer, utilizing clear labeling and strategic placement, facilitates easy accessibility and stock administration.

Tip 2: Collaborate Carefully with the Butcher

Focus on particular reduce preferences and processing directions with the butcher. This collaboration ensures the ultimate product aligns with particular person wants and culinary targets. Inquire about completely different cuts, trim ranges, and processing choices like grinding or sausage making to customise the ultimate product.

Tip 3: Develop a Consumption Technique

Create a meal plan incorporating numerous cuts to make sure environment friendly utilization and reduce potential spoilage. Prioritize utilizing floor beef inside the first few months and reserve bigger roasts or specialty cuts for later use. Contemplate portioning and packaging meat for particular meals to simplify preparation and cut back thawing occasions.

Tip 4: Precisely Calculate Prices

Think about not solely the preliminary worth per pound but in addition processing charges, transportation prices, and potential storage bills. Calculate the efficient value per pound of usable meat after processing to precisely examine with retail costs and assess potential financial savings.

Tip 5: Analysis Native Producers Completely

Inquire about animal husbandry practices, feeding regimens, and processing strategies. Visiting the farm, if attainable, affords priceless insights into the operation. Transparency builds belief and ensures alignment with private values concerning animal welfare and sustainable agriculture.

Tip 6: Contemplate Shared Buying

If managing half a cow appears daunting, discover splitting the acquisition with one other household or family. Shared buying reduces particular person storage burdens and offers entry to bulk pricing benefits whereas minimizing the chance of overwhelming freezer capability or encountering spoilage as a result of extreme quantity.

Tip 7: Keep Detailed Stock

Observe saved gadgets, portions, and buy dates to make sure environment friendly utilization and reduce waste. Usually reviewing the stock informs meal planning and prevents freezer burn by prioritizing the consumption of older cuts. Make the most of freezer stock apps or preserve a easy spreadsheet to trace inventory ranges.

Implementing these methods optimizes the acquisition and utilization of a facet of beef, guaranteeing a satisfying and cost-effective expertise.

The next conclusion summarizes the important thing benefits and concerns related to this important meals funding.

Conclusion

Exploring the query of “how a lot is half a cow of meat” reveals a multifaceted reply encompassing concerns past easy weight and worth. A facet of beef represents a major funding, sometimes yielding 80-100 kilos of usable meat from an preliminary 200-250-pound half carcass. Components resembling breed, processing strategies, and market circumstances affect the ultimate value and the general worth proposition. Potential value financial savings in comparison with retail purchases exist, however realizing these advantages requires cautious planning, environment friendly storage, and knowledgeable decision-making concerning butchering and consumption. Past financial concerns, buying half a cow affords potential benefits associated to supporting native farmers, gaining larger management over meat sourcing and processing, and enhancing meals safety. Nevertheless, logistical challenges, together with space for storing necessities and managing a considerable amount of meat, necessitate proactive planning and group.

Shoppers contemplating this buying mannequin should interact in thorough analysis and planning. Precisely assessing freezer capability, collaborating with a good butcher, and creating a practical consumption technique are essential for maximizing the advantages and minimizing potential drawbacks. Finally, understanding the complexities related to buying half a cow empowers shoppers to make knowledgeable selections aligning with budgetary constraints, culinary preferences, and logistical realities. This knowledgeable method transforms a considerable meals buy right into a rewarding funding in high quality, worth, and community-supported agriculture.